从句做宾语的复合句叫宾语从句,有关宾语从句的考点多集中在以下五个方面:
- 注意使用正确的引导词
- 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that引导从句,其中that并无具体意义,可以省略
He said (that) the bank was near the hotel.
他说银行就在宾馆附近.
- 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,可用if 或whether 来引导,意为是否.
She asked me if(whether)she could join us.
她问我是否可以加入我们的队伍.
- 当宾语从句由特殊疑问句变化而来时, 特殊疑问词就是从句的引导词,如who, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how等
Do you know who broke the door?
你知道谁弄坏了门吗?
Can you tell me where the bank is?
你能告诉我银行在哪吗?
- 注意使用陈述语序
所有的宾语从句都要使用陈述语序,如:
When did the train leave? I want to know.变为I want to know when the train left.
我想知道火车什么时候离开的.
Do they often play basketball? He asked. 变为 He asked if they often played basketball.
他问他们是否经常打篮球.
- 注意正确使用时态
- 如果主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句时态不受限制,根据实际表达需求来确定.
He will tell us that he has been able to look after himself.
他将告诉我们他已经能照顾自己.
Tell him when we will start.teacheray.com
告诉他我们将什么时候出发.
- 如果主句是一般过去时,从句必须是过去的某种时态.
He said that he was born in Beijing in 1985.
他说他1985年出生在北京.
- 如果从句陈述的是客观事实,真理时,时态也要用一般现在时.
He said that light travels faster than sound.
他说光比声音传播的快.
- 否定前移的问题
在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语是think, believe, imagine, expect, suppose等时,且主语为I ,we时,从句中表示否定意义的not 要移到think, believe, imagine, expect, suppose前面.
I don’t think he is right.
我认为他不对.
注意:如果主语不是I ,we,则not 不前移.
She thinks her answer isn’t right.
她认为她的答案不正确.
- 只能用whether不能用if 的情况
if和whether在引导宾语从句时,一般可以交换使用,但在以下5中情况中只能用whether不能用if.
- 引导主语从句时
Whether he will help us is doubtful.
他是否会帮助我们仍有疑问.
- 引导表语或同位语从句时
The problem is whether we will start soon.
问题是我们是否一会儿出发.
- 用在介词后时
Everything is depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.
所有的事都取决于明天天气是否晴朗.
- 与or not 连用时
I asked him whether he knew the answer or not.
我问他是否知道答案.
- 在动词不定式之前
She doesn’t know whether to leave or stay.
她不知道是走还是留.
原创/安颖/北京市西城区英语教师，欢迎关注我的微信公众号teacheray，一起交流英语学习。
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